Combined chemotherapy with cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors in treating human cancers: Recent advancement

Recent advances in inducible cyclooxygenase (COX-2) inhibition.

Cyclooxygenase is the key enzyme in the biosynthesis of prostanoids, biologically active substances that are involved in several physiological processes but also in pathological conditions such as inflammation. Since ten years now, it is well known that this enzyme exists under two forms: a constitutive (COX-1) and an inducible form (COX-2). Both enzymes are sensitive to inhibition by conventio...

Cyclooxygenase (COX-2) selective inhibitors. Any better than NSAIDs?

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Inhibition Constrains

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) metabolizes L-tryptophan to kynurenines (KYN), inducing T-cell suppression either directly or by altering antigen-presenting-cell function. Cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, the rate-limiting enzyme in the synthesis of prostaglandins, is over-expressed by several tumours. We aimed at determining whether COX-2 inhibitors down-regulate the IFN--induced expression of ID...

Gastrointestinal tolerability of the selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor rofecoxib compared with nonselective COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors in osteoarthritis.

BACKGROUND Most nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are nonselective cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitors and are associated with a variety of upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract symptoms. The roles of COX-1 and COX-2 in the pathogenesis of these symptoms are unclear. To test whether COX-2 inhibition with rofecoxib would have greater GI tolerability than nonselective COX-1 and CO...

Reduction in cancer risk by selective and nonselective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors.

We conducted a series of epidemiologic studies to evaluate the chemopreventive effects of aspirin, ibuprofen, and selective cyxlooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs) against cancers of the breast, colon, prostate, and lung. Composite results across all four cancer sites revealed that regular intake of 325 mg aspirin, 200 mg ibuprofen, or standard dosages of coxibs (200 mg celecoxib or 25 mg ...